Lists of world leaders
2025 Sep. 18
Presidents of the United States (1981–2037)
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Governor Ronald Reagan
with Ex–CIA Director (’76–’77) George Bush
(Republican–Calif./Texas)- 1980 def. Jimmy Carter / Walter Mondale (D–Ga./Minn.), John B. Anderson / Patrick Lucey (Independent–Ill./Wisc.)
- 1984 def. John Glenn / Lloyd Bentsen (D–Ohio/Texas)
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Vice President George Bush
with Governor John Sununu
(Republican–Texas/N.H.)- 1988 def. Gary Hart / Dianne Feinstein (D–Co./Calif.), Dixy Lee Ray / Donald Trump (I–Wa./N.Y.)
- 1992 def. Jerry Brown / Jesse Jackson (D–Calif./S.C.)
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Governor Bill Clinton
with Senator Al Gore
(Democratic–Ark./Tenn.)- 1996 def. Pat Buchanan / Alan Keyes (R–Va./N.Y.), Donald Trump / Jesse Ventura (American–N.Y/Minn.)
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Vice President Al Gore
with Senator Joe Biden
(Democratic–Tenn./Del.)- 2000 def. John McCain / Elizabeth Dole (R–Ariz./N.C.)
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Science and Innovation Secretary Howard Dean
with Congressman Jim Clyburn
(Democratic–Vt./S.C.)- 2004 def. George Bush junior / Dick Cheney (R–Texas/Wyo.)
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Senator Lisa Murkowski
with Governor Jon McBride
(Republican–Alaska/W.V.)- 2008 def. Howard Dean / Jim Clyburn (D–Vt./S.C.)
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Senator Barack Obama
with Governor Anne Holton
(Democratic–Ill./Va.)- 2012 def. Rick Santorum / Gary Johnson (R–Fla./N.M.), Lisa Murkowski / Alexis Ohanian (I–Alaska/Calif.) [House contingent election]
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Senator Rand Paul
with Congressman Marco Rubio
(Republican–N.C./Fla.)- 2016 def. Barack Obama / Anne Holton (D–Ill./Va.), Lisa Murkowski / Ron Wyden (Liberty–Alaska/Ore.)
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Ex–Treasury Secretary (’09–’13) Elizabeth Warren
with Mayor Andrew Yang
(Liberty–Mass./N.Y.)- 2020 def. Rand Paul / Marco Rubio (R–N.C./Fla.), Bernie Sanders / Chuy Garcia (D–Vt./Ill.)
- 2024 def. John Fetterman / Khalid Kamau (D–Pa./Ga.), Jim Brainard / Nikki Haley (R–Ind./S.C.)
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Governor Doug Burgum
with Ex–Director of Outer Space Affairs (’18–’21) Jim Bridenstine
(Republican–N.D./Okla.)- 2028 def. Jerome Powell / Mary Peltola (L–D.C./Alaska), David Cicilline / Mark Kelly (D–R.I./Ariz.)
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Senator Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
with Governor Pete Buttigieg
(Democratic–N.Y./Mich.)- 2032 def. Doug Burgum / Jim Bridenstine (R–N.D./Okla.), Mary Peltola / Bilal Mahmood (L–Alaska/Calif.), Josh Hawley / Greg Gutfeld (I–Mo./Calif.)
Prime ministers of the United Kingdom (1979–2029)
- 1979–1983. Margaret Thatcher (Conservative majority)
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1983. Margaret Thatcher (Conservative minority)
- Jun 1983 def. Peter Shore (Labour), Roy Jenkins/David Owen (Alliance)
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1983–1992. Peter Shore (Labour majority)
- Nov 1983 def. Margaret Thatcher (Conservative), David Owen/David Steel (Alliance)
- 1987 def. Michael Heseltine (Conservative), David Owen/David Steel (Alliance)
- 1988 Scottish devolution referendum: 61% YES
- 1991 Luxembourg Treaty referendum: 52% REJECT
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1992–1996. Nick Scott† (Conservative majority)
- 1992 def. Peter Shore (Labour), Paddy Ashdown (Social and Liberal Democrats)
- 1996: Died due to undiagnosed cirrhosis of the liver
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1996–2005. Ken Clarke (Conservative majority)
- 1997 def. John Prescott (Labour), Paddy Ashdown (Lib Dems), Alex Salmond (SNP), Jon Porritt (Green)
- 1999 Stormont Agreement referendum: 75% YES
- 2001 def. John McDonnell (Labour), Paddy Ashdown (Lib Dems), Alex Salmond (SNP), Gerard Batten (National)
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2005. Ken Clarke (Conservative minority)
- 2005 def. David Miliband (Labour), Simon Hughes (Lib Dems), Gerard Batten (National), Alex Salmond (SNP)
- 2005: Voted out as leader due to his unwillingness to work with the Nationals
- 2005–2007. Boris Johnson (Conservative minority with National and UUP confidence and supply)
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2007–2012. David Miliband (Labour majority)
- 2007 def. Boris Johnson (Conservative), Simon Hughes (Lib Dems), Alex Salmond (SNP), Nick Land (National)
- 2008 Welsh devolution referendum: 63% YES / YDW
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2012–2017.
David Miliband (Labour minority with SNP
confidence and supply)
- 2012 def. Penny Mordaunt (Conservative), Ed Davey (Lib Dems), Alex Salmond (SNP)
- 2013 STV referendum: 55% YES
- 2014 Scottish independence referendum: 50.5% YES
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2017–2020.
Tom Tugendhat (Conservative–Scottish Unionists–National
coalition)
- 2017 def. David Miliband (Labour), Ed Davey (Lib Dems), Nikki Sinclaire (National–Scottish Unionists alliance), Alan Cumming (SNP–Scottish Green “Finish the Job!” alliance), Siân Berry (Green), Peter Molyneux (Internet)
- 2020: Scottish Unionists and Nationals withdraw from coalition over PM’s “must not obstruct” comments
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2020–2025.
Lisa Nandy (Labour–Lib Dem coalition)
- 2020 def. Tom Tugendhat (Conservative), Nikki Sinclaire (National), Layla Moran (Lib Dems), Nicola Sturgeon (SNP), Brian Monteith (Scottish Unionists), Kate Forbes (Alba Nuadh), Shahrar Ali (“Continuity” Green), Magid Magid (The Climate Party)
- 2021: Scotland leaves the UK
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2025–????.
Amber Rudd (Conservative–Change for Britain
coalition)
- 2025 def. Lisa Nandy (Labour), Zia Yusuf (National), Rory Stewart (Change for Britain), Layla Moran (Lib Dems), Tamsin Omond (Climate), Leanne Wood (Plaid Cymru)
- Party leaders heading into the 2029 election: Zarah Sultana (Together), Tamsin Omond (Climate), Siân Gwenllian (Plaid), Andy Burnham (Labour), Sarah Dyke (Lib Dems), Danny O’Brien (Update Britain), Rory Stewart (Change for Britain), Zia Yusuf (National)
Leaders of Russia (1964–2037)
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General secretaries of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- 1964–1981. Leonid Brezhnev†
- 1981–1983. Yuri Andropov†
- 1983–1986. Nikolai Ryzhkov
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Presidents of the Russian Federative Socialist Republic
- 1986–1987. Valentin Pavlov (Communist)
- 1987–1989. Boris Yeltsin (Independent)
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Presidents of the Russian Federative Republic
- 1989–1992. Boris Yeltsin† (Independent)
- 1992. Viktor Chernomyrdin (Independent) (acting)
- 1992–2002. Mikhail Gorbachev (Independent, then Open Russia)
- 2002–2007. Alexander Lebed (Third Force)
- 2007–2017. Boris Nemtsov (Open Russia)
- 2017–2022. Tatyana Bakalchuk (Fatherland)
- 2022–2027. Leonid Volkov (Third Force)
- 2027–2037. Aleksandr Zhukov (Fatherland)
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